“石油无机成因说”的理论与实践

对石油的无机成因理论进行了评述,其中包括地幔脱气论、中地壳与费-托合成说、板块构造与费-托合成说.沥青、原油、干酪根的Pb-Sr-Nd同位素,原油及沥青中高含量的微量元素以及原油中的有机化合物均揭示了原油无机生成的科学依据,这是中国科学家对石油地质学的重大贡献.石油的无机成因理论是可以指导油气勘探的,并以辽宁义县-北票地区、苏南地区、鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起、四川松潘-甘孜褶皱带、柴达木盆地为例讨论了寻找大油气田的可能性.     

三塘湖盆地卡拉岗组火山岩储层成岩作用*

通过岩芯宏观观察、显微镜下铸体薄片精细观察,讨论了三塘湖盆地卡拉岗组火山岩储层的岩性岩相特征、储集空间发育特征及成岩作用特征,分析了成岩作用类型与孔洞形成机制。结合火山岩岩石化学分析,并依据火山岩成岩变化特征和过程与火山岩储层储集空间形成的相互关系,将三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩成岩作用归纳为9种类型、4个成岩期或阶段。冷凝结晶固结成岩作用期和埋藏-热液成岩作用期沸石类杏仁体和充填缝是风化壳储层形成的关键物质基础,早期和晚期表生成岩作用期在各类缝的沟通系统内易溶组分的强烈溶蚀作用是风化壳储层形成的关键作用,并由此形成喷发间期风化壳储层和区域构造抬升剥蚀风化壳储层两类风化壳储层。     

Making continental crust: The sanukitoid connection

The average continental crust possesses intermediate compositions that typify arc magmatism and as a result it is believed to have been created at ancient convergent plate boundaries. One possible mechanism for intermediate continental crust formation is the direct production of andesitic melts in the upper mantle. Sanukitoids, which characterize the Setouchi volcanic belt, SW Japan, include unusually high-Mg andesites （HMA）. They were generated by slab melting and subsequent melt-mantle interactions under unusual tectonic settings such as where warm lithosphere subducts into hot upper mantle. Such conditions would have existed in the Archean. Hydrous HMA magmas are likely to have solidified within the crust to form HMA plutons, which were then remelted to produce differentiated sanukitoids. At present, generation and differentiation of HMA magmas may be taking place in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc-trench system （IBM）, because （1） HMA magmatism characterizes the initial stages of the IBM evolution and （2） the IBM middle crust exhibits Vp identical to that of the bulk conti- nental crust. Vp estimates for plutonic rocks with HMA compositions support this. However tonalitic composition for middle-crust-forming rocks cannot be ruled out, suggesting an alternative possibility that the continental crust has been created by differentiation of mantle-derived basaltic magmas.     

埋藏风化壳结构的矿物学与地球化学特征及其控藏作用

通过岩心观察、矿物及元素分析等手段,分析了济阳坳陷义和庄凸起前第三系埋藏风化壳结构的矿物学与元素地球化学特征.结果表明:义和庄凸起前第三系坶藏风化壳具有风化黏土层和半风化岩石的二层结构;由半风化岩石到风化黏土层,抗风化能力弱的长石等原生矿物逐渐减少,次生黏土矿物逐渐富集,半风化岩石上部与风化黏土层为Fe,Al元素的富集带,Ca,Na元素大量流失,K,Mg元素由于交代作用变化较复杂;义和庄凸起埋藏风化壳结构在油气成藏过程中起主要作用的是半风化岩层中部的孔缝连通体,它既为油气运移的良好通道,也可成为有效储层;风化黏土层与上覆岩层一起形成了复合型盖层.     

科尔沁沙地放牧干扰恢复过程中植被组成和生物结皮微生物数量的变化

通过对科尔沁沙地禁牧10年后自然恢复状况的调查和实验分析,得出以下结论:(1)不同放牧强度自然恢复过程中,样地维管植物明显呈现出由一年生植物组成向多年生植物组成过渡的特点,盖度表现为轻牧恢复区(L)、中牧恢复区(M)、重牧恢复区(H)的盖度显著高于对照恢复区(C)、未围封放牧区(N)(P＜0.05);各处理样地生物结皮中苔藓植物和藻类植物的组成变化不大,但盖度表现为:苔藓结皮 L＞M＞H＞C＞N 区,藻结皮C＞H＞M＞L＞N区.(2)围封各恢复区(L、M、H)和未围封放牧区(N)藓结皮的含水量、结皮厚度及有机质含量方面显著高于藻结皮的(P＜0.05),而pH值却低于藻结皮的.(3)围封各恢复区微生物的数量显著高于未围封放牧区的(P＜0.05),在围封各恢复区内不论是藻结皮还是藓结皮,细菌、自身固氮菌和放线菌的数量在中度放牧恢复区数值最大,重度放牧恢复区的数量最少,两者差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).(4)藻结皮、藓结皮微生物数量都随土壤深度的增加而呈降低的趋势,0～3 cm层的与3～5、5～10、10～20 cm三层的有显著差异(P＜0.05),藓结皮层及下层土壤微生物的数量要明显高于藻结皮层及下层土壤的.     

Zircon isotopic ages from magnetite quartzites of the Jianping metamorphic complex, western Liaoning Province

Using the zircon Pb evaporation method and high precise ion microprobe analyses, zircon isotopic ages in supracrustal magnetite quartzites from Jianping metamorphic complex have been obtained. The results show that the deposition of the supracrustal rocks occurred around 2 552–2 520 Ma and the peak of granulite facies metamorphism reached at about 2 487 Ma; about (1 806±16) Ma, i.e. Mid-Proterozoic, the other possible metamorphic event with relatively low intensity happened in the study area. It is speculated that a likely tectonic setting where the Jianping metamorphic complex formed is an active continental margin that is involved in continental collision and crustal thickening shortly after its formation.     

长安县黄土中的风化壳与环境研究

据野外调查和室内鉴定 ,在长安县城南布容期 0 78- 0MaBP形成的黄土剖面中确定了三个时期的风化壳 ,它们由第 1 ,4,5层古土壤和风化破碎黄土构成 .黄土中的风化壳是红褐色古土壤在特定的气候条件下转变而成的 ,厚度在 3～ 6m之间 ,风化壳剖面常由 3～ 4个层次构成 ,发育时间为 5～ 1 0× 1 0 4a不等 .风化壳上部是发育好的红色古土壤 ,中部是含铁质胶膜的风化破碎黄土 ,下部是不含铁质胶膜的风化破碎黄土 .粘土矿物分析表明 ,黄土中的风化壳为伊利石 蒙脱石型和高岭石型之间的过渡类型 .黄土中风化壳发育时的年均降水量在 95 0～ 1 0 0 0mm之间 ,是黄土高原降水丰富的气候事件的显示 .风化壳的发育证明黄土中有些古土壤确属淋溶型森林土壤 ,当时亚热带气候至少迁移到了黄土高原东南部     

Late Mesozoic interaction between crust and mantle in coastal area of Zhejiang-Fujian

This paper summarizes the lithogeochemical features of composite lavas, dikes and plutons composed of early Cretaceous associated basic-acidic igneous rocks from the coastal area of Zhejiang-Fujian. On the basis of the studies on Nd, Sr, Pb isotopic signatures and geochemical characteristics of large ion lithophile elements (L1LE) , light rare earth elements (LREE) and high field strong elements ( HFSE) of these contemporary basic-acidic igneous rocks, it is considered that the source enrichment caused by the subduction of Pacific plate and contamination of crustal rocks and melts during ascending process may lead to the formation of basaltic magmas with a high LILE concentration. These late Mesozoic composite basic-acidic igneous rocks are the products of the interactions between crust and mantle in active continental margin.     

直流供电时各向异性地壳的电场分布

以垂直于介质主轴方向的平面作为两种介质的分界面研究,对埋在较浅地表中的直流电极,以及其向大地供电而引起的各向异性地壳中的电场分布．应用电磁学中的镜像法和静电比拟方法,计算其电位、场强的表达式．所得出的结果,可运用于地质探勘、河堤隐患探测和分析地质状况．     

X射线荧光光谱法测定海底钴结壳的方法研究

采用粉末压片制样,X-射线荧光光谱法直接测定钴结壳中Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Si、Al、Ca、K、Na、Ti、P、Mg、Cu、Pb、Mo、Sr、V、Zn、Zr、Y、Ba等元素。重点讨论用熔融法定值部分样品,然后用加以定值的钴结壳标准及样品、国家岩石、土壤、水系沉积物系列标准用粉末压片制样,做工作曲线,一次测量钴结壳中二十余种元素,并用定值样品做精密度与准确度试验,各元素统计结果为RSD％（n=12）除V的RSD〈4％外,其余元素的RSD均小于2％,测定结果与标准值和ICP-MS测量值相符。